Next, we turn our attention to the neurobiological mechanisms for building the nervous system in embryonic development and in early postnatal life we will also consider how the brain changes across the lifespan. In this unit, we will examine the organization and function of the brain and spinal mechanisms that govern bodily movement. Here, you will learn the overall organization and function of the sensory systems that contribute to our sense of self relative to the world around us: somatic sensory systems, proprioception, vision, audition, and balance senses. This unit addresses the fundamental mechanisms of neuronal excitability, signal generation and propagation, synaptic transmission, post synaptic mechanisms of signal integration, and neural plasticity. This unit covers the surface anatomy of the human brain, its internal structure, and the overall organization of sensory and motor systems in the brainstem and spinal cord. This course comprises six units of content organized into 12 weeks, with an additional week for a comprehensive final exam: Nevertheless, our aim is to faithfully present in scope and rigor a medical school caliber course experience.
However, there are some topics (e.g., biological psychiatry) and several learning experiences (e.g., hands-on brain dissection) that we provide in the corresponding course offered in the Duke University School of Medicine on campus that we are not attempting to reproduce in Medical Neuroscience online.
This online course is designed to include all of the core concepts in neurophysiology and clinical neuroanatomy that would be presented in most first-year neuroscience courses in schools of medicine. The course will build upon knowledge acquired through prior studies of cell and molecular biology, general physiology and human anatomy, as we focus primarily on the central nervous system. The overall goal of this course is to provide the foundation for understanding the impairments of sensation, action and cognition that accompany injury, disease or dysfunction in the central nervous system. In this course, you will discover the organization of the neural systems in the brain and spinal cord that mediate sensation, motivate bodily action, and integrate sensorimotor signals with memory, emotion and related faculties of cognition. Biopsy specimens used in this study were obtained from the patients described below for the reasons listed.Medical Neuroscience explores the functional organization and neurophysiology of the human central nervous system, while providing a neurobiological framework for understanding human behavior. Material and Methods For obvious reasons muscle tissue suitable for histochemical investigation is difficult to obtain from humans with no evidence of muscle disease. The purpose of this report is to describe the histochemistry of the nonnervous portion of normal human muscle spindles and to compare the reactions of intrafusal fibers with those of extrafusal fibers. Since species differences in histochemical reactions of intrafusal fibers have been documented, 1,4,6,7 conclusions drawn from nonhuman studies may be misleading when attempts are made to extrapolate these results to human muscle.
With a single exception consisting of a brief report 6 these results were based on studies of subhuman species. SEVERAL recent histochemical studies of muscle spindles 1-9 have demonstrated the relative activity of various enzymes and other components in the different types of intrafusal fibers.
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